This article explores the science of humming, highlighting how vocal vibrations can serve as powerful tools for communication and for managing stress and emotions.
The Biology Behind Humming
The word “hum” originates from the Latin word humus, meaning “earth” or “ground.” While research on humming is limited, many people report feeling happier when they hum. Humming often comes naturally as an expression of joy, a way to self-soothe or comfort others, and for some, it feels easier than singing. Humans hum for various reasons, and when it comes to managing stress, there’s a scientific basis for its calming effects.
Thanks to the evolution of the middle ear in mammals, we can engage with the world through a wide range of sounds. Sound has always been a fundamental way for us to detect safety or danger. Our brain’s surveillance system, working closely with our ears, is finely tuned to interpret specific frequencies as signals of safety, while others are perceived as alarms.
Even today, our physical sensations of safety, unease, or fear remain deeply linked to the sounds we hear.
The Reasons Behind Humming
Sound plays a vital role in our lives. The human voice conveys a rich array of information, and spoken language has been foundational to our evolution as a species. Within spoken language, we also use vocal bursts—nonverbal sounds that express emotions. Examples include “ahhh,” “mmm,” “ohhh,” and “humph,” which add depth and meaning to our communication without the need for words.
Studies reveal that these vocal bursts are nearly universal across languages, and we instinctively understand the emotions they convey with surprising accuracy compared to other vocal sounds. Researcher Simon Thomas identified at least 14 distinct emotional states that the human voice can express without the use of words.
Paying attention to how we use sounds associated with safety and danger can enhance our communication and help regulate our emotions. The sound “hmmm,” in particular, is strongly linked to feelings of safety. Humming—whether to yourself or in rhythm with music—can be a powerful tool for reducing stress and managing emotional distress.
Give Chanting a Try
If you’re feeling adventurous and want to deepen your humming practice, give chanting a try. Chanting is an ancient and sacred practice embraced by cultures worldwide. It involves producing a sustained sound on one note while using multiple syllables. This practice combines sound, breath, and rhythm, promoting greater breath control and often extending exhalations, which can help calm the mind and body.
Research indicates that chanting can significantly reduce anxiety, inhibit the release of stress hormones, and enhance immune function. A study by Kalyani found that chanting “OM,” which produces vibrations similar to “hmm,” creates calming effects in the brain. These vibrations are particularly effective at alleviating stress and reducing feelings of fear.